Greetings

• おはよう
  [ohayо̄]
  Good Morning
  
• こんにちは
  [konnichiwa]
  Good Day
  
• こんばんは
  [kombanwa]
  Good Evening/Night
  
• おやすみ
  [oyasumi]
  Good Night/Sweet Dreams
  

• おはようございます
  [ohayо̄]
  Good Morning
  
• こんにちは
  [konnichiwa]
  Good Day
  
• こんばんは
  [kombanwa]
  Good Evening/Night
  
• おやすみなさい
  [oyasuminasai]
  Good Night/Sweet Dreams
  

Expressing Thanks

• ありがとう
  [arigatо̄]
  Thank you
  
• どうもありがとう
  [dо̄mo arigatо̄]
  Thank you very much
  

• ありがとうございます
  [arigatо̄ gozaimasu]
  Thank you very much
  
• どうもありがとうございます
  [dо̄mo arigatо̄ gozaimasu]
  Thank you very much
  

After You

• Casual-Plain
• おさきに
  [osaki ni]
  After you
  

• Standard-Polite
• おさきにどうぞ
  [osaki ni dо̄zo]
  Please, after you
  

Here you go (offering)

• どうぞ
  [dо̄zo]
  Here you go / here, have this.
  

Apologizing

• ごめん
  [gomen]
  Mea culpa / my bad.
  

• ごめんなさい
  [gomen'nasai]
  Sorry for my error
  

Excuse me / Pardon

• すみません
  [sumimasen]
  Excuse me, pardon me
  
• しつれいします
  [shitsureishimasu]
  Excuse the intrusion
  Pardon my exit
  

Mealtime / Meals

• いただきます
  [itadakimasu]
  We humbly receive (this meal)
  (said before digging in)
  
• ごちそうさまでした
  [gochisо̄sama deshta]
  The meal was satisfying and fantastic.
  (said on finishing a meal)
  

Where are you from?

• どこからきた？
  [doko kara kita?]
  From where did you arrive?
  

• どこからきましたか。
  [doko kara kimashta ka]
  From where do you hail?
  

What's your name?

• おなまえは？
  [o-namae-wa?]
  Your name is...?
  

• おなまえはなんですか。
  [o-namae-wa-nan-dess-ka]
  What is your name?